Ukuqaliswa kwe-ejenti yogwebu ye-polyurethane eqinile ye-foam esetyenziswa kwintsimi yokwakha
Ngokunyuka kweemfuno zezakhiwo zanamhlanje zokonga amandla kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo, ukusebenza kwe-thermal insulation yezixhobo zokwakha kubaluleke ngakumbi nangakumbi. Phakathi kwabo, i-polyurethane eqinile i-foam yinto egqwesileyo yokufakelwa kwe-thermal, eneepropati ezilungileyo zomatshini, i-conductivity ephantsi ye-thermal kunye nezinye izibonelelo, ngoko isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwintsimi yokwakhiwa kwe-insulation.
I-ejenti yogwebu yenye yezongezo eziphambili kwimveliso ye-polyurethane foam eqinile. Ngokwendlela yokusebenza kwayo, inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: iarhente yogwebu lwekhemikhali kunye nearhente yogwebu.
Ukuhlelwa kwee-agent ze-foam
I-agent yekhemikhali ye-foam i-additive eyenza i-gas kunye ne-foams ye-polyurethane izinto ngexesha lokuphendula kwe-isocyanates kunye ne-polyols. Amanzi ngummeli we-agent ye-foam yekhemikhali, ephendula kunye necandelo le-isocyanate ukwenza i-carbon dioxide gas, ukwenzela ukuba i-foam i-polyurethane imathiriyeli. I-agent ye-Physical foaming i-additives eyongeziweyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-polyurethane foam eqinile, ekhupha izinto ze-polyurethane ngokusebenzisa isenzo somzimba wegesi. Ii-agent ze-Physical foam zikhompawundi ze-organic ezibilayo ezisezantsi, ezifana neekhompawundi ze-hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) okanye i-alkane (HC).
Inkqubo yophuhlisoiarhente yogwebuyaqala ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1950, inkampani yeDuPont yasebenzisa i-trichloro-fluoromethane (CFC-11) njenge-agent ye-polyurethane enogwebu oluqinileyo, yaze yafumana ukusebenza okungcono kwemveliso, ukusukela ngoko i-CFC-11 isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwibala le-polyurethane eqinile yogwebu. Njengoko iCFC-11 yabonakala iwonakalisa umaleko we-ozone, amazwe aseNtshona Yurophu ayeka ukusebenzisa iCFC-11 ekupheleni kuka-1994, yaye iTshayina yakuvala ukuveliswa nokusetyenziswa kweCFC-11 ngowama-2007. Emva koko, iUnited States neYurophu zayivala ukusetyenziswa yeCFC-11 endaweni yeHCFC-141b ngo-2003 nango-2004, ngokulandelelanayo. Njengoko ulwazi lokusingqongileyo lukhula, amazwe aqala ukuphuhlisa nokusebenzisa ezinye iindlela ezinokufudumala okuphantsi kwehlabathi (GWP).
Ii-arhente ze-Hfc zohlobo lwe-foam zazikhe zathatha indawo ye-CFC-11 kunye ne-HCFC-141b, kodwa ixabiso le-GWP leekhompawundi zohlobo lwe-HFC lisephezulu ngokwentelekiso, elingeloncedo kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. Ngoko ke, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ugxininiso lophuhliso lwee-agent ze-foam kwicandelo lokwakha luye lwatshintshela kwezinye iindlela eziphantsi ze-GWP.
Iinzuzo kunye neengxaki zee-agent ze-foam
Njengohlobo lwemathiriyeli yokugquma, i-polyurethane eqinile igwebu ineengenelo ezininzi, ezinje ngokusebenza okugqwesileyo kokufakelwa kwe-thermal, amandla afanelekileyo omatshini, ukusebenza kakuhle kokufunxa isandi, ubomi benkonzo obuzinzile bexesha elide njalo njalo.
Njengoncedo olubalulekileyo ekulungiseleleni i-polyurethane i-foam enzima, i-agent ye-foam inefuthe elibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni, iindleko kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo ye-thermal insulation materials. Iingenelo ze-agent yekhemikhali egwebu amagwebu isantya sokuphosa amagwebu ngokukhawuleza, i-uniform foaming, inokusetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lobushushu kunye nokufuma, inokufumana isantya esiphezulu sogwebu, ukuze kulungiswe ugwebu oluqinileyo lwe-polyurethane.
Noko ke, iikhemikhali zogwebu ezinogwebu zinokuvelisa iigesi eziyingozi, njengekharbon diokside, ikharbon monokside neenitrogen oxides, ezibangela ukungcoliseka kwendalo. I-advanteji ye-agent ye-foam ebonakalayo kukuba ayivelisi iigesi ezinobungozi, inefuthe elincinci kokusingqongileyo, kwaye inokufumana ubungakanani obuncinci be-bubble kunye nokusebenza okungcono kokugquma. Nangona kunjalo, iiarhente zegwebu zomzimba zinesantya esicothayo sogwebu kwaye zifuna ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufuma ukuze zenze konke okusemandleni azo.
Njengohlobo lwemathiriyeli yokugquma, i-polyurethane eqinile igwebu ineengenelo ezininzi, ezinje ngokusebenza okugqwesileyo kokufakelwa kwe-thermal, amandla afanelekileyo omatshini, ukusebenza kakuhle kokufunxa isandi, ubomi benkonzo obuzinzile bexesha elide njalo njalo.
Njengomncedisi obalulekileyo ekulungiselelenii-polyurethane foam eqinile, i-agent ye-foaming inempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni, iindleko kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kwezinto zokufakelwa kwe-thermal. Iingenelo ze-agent yekhemikhali egwebu amagwebu isantya sokuphosa amagwebu ngokukhawuleza, i-uniform foaming, inokusetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lobushushu kunye nokufuma, inokufumana isantya esiphezulu sogwebu, ukuze kulungiswe ugwebu oluqinileyo lwe-polyurethane.
Noko ke, iikhemikhali zogwebu ezinogwebu zinokuvelisa iigesi eziyingozi, njengekharbon diokside, ikharbon monokside neenitrogen oxides, ezibangela ukungcoliseka kwendalo. I-advanteji ye-agent ye-foam ebonakalayo kukuba ayivelisi iigesi ezinobungozi, inefuthe elincinci kokusingqongileyo, kwaye inokufumana ubungakanani obuncinci be-bubble kunye nokusebenza okungcono kokugquma. Nangona kunjalo, iiarhente zegwebu zomzimba zinesantya esicothayo sogwebu kwaye zifuna ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufuma ukuze zenze konke okusemandleni azo.
Indlela yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo
Intsingiselo yee-arhente zogwebu kushishino lolwakhiwo lwexesha elizayo ikakhulu kuphuhliso lweendawo eziphantsi ze-GWP. Ngokomzekelo, i-CO2, i-HFO, kunye nezinye iindlela zamanzi, ezine-GWP ephantsi, i-ODP ye-zero, kunye nokunye ukusebenza kokusingqongileyo, zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwimveliso ye-polyurethane eqinile ye-foam. Ukongeza, njengoko itekhnoloji ye-insulation yesakhiwo iqhubeka nokukhula, iarhente yogwebu iya kuqhubeka iphuhlisa ngakumbi ukusebenza okugqwesileyo, okufana nokusebenza okungcono kokufakwa kwamagwebu, isantya esiphezulu sogwebu, kunye nobukhulu obuncinci beqamza.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amashishini ekhemikhali ye-organofluorine yasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ebesoloko ekhangela kwaye ephuhlisa i-fluorine-equlathe amagwebu ezinto eziphathekayo, kuquka i-fluorinated olefins (HFO) i-agent egwebu, ezibizwa ngokuba zi-agent ze-foam zesizukulwana sesine kwaye ziyi-arhente ephuma ugwebu emzimbeni enegesi elungileyo. isigaba se-thermal conductivity kunye neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-21-2024