Izinto zokugquma zePolyurethane zidla ngokuba tyheli ngokuhamba kwexesha ngenxa yokuvezwa ixesha elide kukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet okanye ubushushu, nto leyo echaphazela inkangeleko yazo kunye nobomi bazo benkonzo. Ngokufaka i-UV-320 kunye ne-2-hydroxyethyl thiophosphate kwi-chain extension ye-polyurethane, i-polyurethane esekwe emanzini engeyiyo i-ionic enokumelana kakuhle nokutyheli yalungiswa yaza yasetyenziswa kwi-leather coating. Ngokusebenzisa umahluko wombala, ukuzinza, i-scanning electron microscope, i-X-ray spectrum kunye nezinye iimvavanyo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba umahluko wombala uwonke △E wesikhumba esiphathwe ngamacandelo angama-50 e-polyurethane esekwe emanzini engeyiyo i-ionic enokumelana kakuhle nokutyheli yayiyi-2.9, umgangatho wokutshintsha kombala wawuyi-1 grade, kwaye kwakukho utshintsho oluncinci kakhulu lombala. Xa idibene neempawu zokusebenza ezisisiseko zamandla okutsalwa kwesikhumba kunye nokumelana nokutshabalala, ibonisa ukuba i-polyurethane elungiselelweyo echasene nokutyheli inokuphucula ukumelana nokutyheli kwesikhumba ngelixa igcina iimpawu zayo zoomatshini kunye nokumelana nokutshabalala.

Njengoko imigangatho yokuphila yabantu iphucukile, abantu banemfuno ephezulu yeekhushini zezihlalo zesikhumba, ezingafuni nje ukuba zingabi yingozi kwimpilo yabantu, kodwa zikwafuna ukuba zibukeke zintle. I-polyurethane esekwe emanzini isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiiarhente zokugquma isikhumba ngenxa yokhuseleko lwayo oluhle kakhulu kunye nokusebenza kwayo okungenangcoliseko, ukukhazimla okuphezulu, kunye nolwakhiwo lwe-amino methylidynephosphonate olufana nolwesikhumba. Nangona kunjalo, i-polyurethane esekwe emanzini ithambekele ekubeni tyheli phantsi kwempembelelo yexesha elide yokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet okanye ubushushu, okuchaphazela ubomi benkonzo yento. Umzekelo, izinto ezininzi ze-polyurethane emhlophe yezihlangu zihlala zibonakala zityheli, okanye kwinqanaba elikhulu okanye elincinci, kuya kubakho tyheli phantsi kokukhanya kwelanga. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukufunda ukumelana tyheli kwe-polyurethane esekwe emanzini.

Okwangoku kukho iindlela ezintathu zokuphucula ukumelana nombala we-polyurethane otyheli: ukulungisa umlinganiselo weendawo eziqinileyo nezithambileyo kunye nokutshintsha izinto eziluhlaza ezivela kwisizathu sokuqala, ukongeza izongezo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nezinto ezincinci, kunye nokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo.

(a) Ukulungisa umlinganiselo weendawo eziqinileyo nezithambileyo kunye nokutshintsha izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunokusombulula ingxaki yokuba i-polyurethane ngokwayo ithambekele ekubeni tyheli, kodwa ayinakusombulula impembelelo yendalo yangaphandle kwi-polyurethane kwaye ayinakuhlangabezana neemfuno zemarike. Ngokusebenzisa i-TG, i-DSC, ukumelana nokukrala kunye novavanyo lokuxinana, kwafunyaniswa ukuba iipropati zomzimba ze-polyurethane elungiselelwe ukumelana nemozulu kunye nesikhumba esiphathwe nge-polyurethane ecocekileyo bezihambelana, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba i-polyurethane emelana nemozulu inokugcina iipropati ezisisiseko zesikhumba ngelixa iphucula kakhulu ukumelana kwayo nemozulu.

(b) Ukongezwa kwezongezo ze-organic kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa kwi-nanomaterials kukwaneengxaki ezifana nobuninzi bokongeza kunye nokuxubana okungalunganga ngokomzimba ne-polyurethane, okubangela ukwehla kweempawu zokwenza izinto ze-polyurethane.

(c)Iibhondi zeDisulfide zinamandla okubuyela umva atshintshayo, nto leyo eyenza amandla azo okusebenza aphantsi kakhulu, kwaye zinokuqhekeka kwaye zakhiwe kwakhona amaxesha amaninzi. Ngenxa yokubuyela umva atshintshayo kweebhondi zeDisulfide, ezi bhondi zihlala ziqhekeka kwaye zakhiwe kwakhona phantsi kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, ziguqula amandla okukhanya kwe-ultraviolet abe kukukhululwa kwamandla obushushu. Ukutyheli kwe-polyurethane kubangelwa kukutyheli kwe-ultraviolet light, okuvusa iibhondi zeekhemikhali kwizixhobo ze-polyurethane kwaye kubangele ukuqhekeka kweebhondi kunye neempendulo zokuhlengahlengisa, okukhokelela kutshintsho lwesakhiwo kunye nokutyheli kwe-polyurethane. Ke ngoko, ngokuzisa iibhondi ze-disulfide kwiindawo zetyathanga le-polyurethane ezisekelwe emanzini, ukusebenza kokuziphilisa kunye nokuchasana okutyheli kwe-polyurethane kwavavanywa. Ngokutsho kovavanyo lwe-GB/T 1766-2008, △E yayiyi-4.68, kwaye umgangatho wokutshintsha kombala wawukwinqanaba lesi-2, kodwa ekubeni yayisebenzisa i-tetraphenylene disulfide, enombala othile, ayifanelekanga kwi-polyurethane enganyangekiyo.

Izifunxi-kukhanya ze-Ultraviolet kunye nee-disulfides zinokuguqula ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet okufunxiweyo kube kukukhululwa kwamandla obushushu ukunciphisa impembelelo yemitha yokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kwisakhiwo se-polyurethane. Ngokungenisa into eguquguqukayo eguquguqukayo i-2-hydroxyethyl disulfide kwisigaba sokwandiswa kwe-polyurethane synthesis, ingeniswa kwisakhiwo se-polyurethane, esiyinxalenye ye-disulfide equlathe amaqela e-hydroxyl okulula ukusabela nge-isocyanate. Ukongeza, i-UV-320 ultraviolet absorber ingeniswa ukuze isebenzisane nokuphuculwa kokumelana nomthubi we-polyurethane. I-UV-320 equlathe amaqela e-hydroxyl, ngenxa yempawu yayo yokusabela ngokulula namaqela e-isocyanate, ingangeniswa nakwicandelo le-polyurethane chain kwaye isetyenziswe kwi-coat ephakathi yesikhumba ukuphucula ukumelana nomthubi we-polyurethane.

Ngovavanyo lokwahluka kombala, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukumelana okutyheli kwe-polyureth etyheli. Ngokusebenzisa i-TG, i-DSC, ukumelana nokukrala kunye novavanyo lokuxinana, kwafunyaniswa ukuba iipropati zomzimba ze-polyurethane elungelelanisiweyo enganyangekiyo kwimozulu kunye nesikhumba esiphathwe nge-polyurethane ecocekileyo zazifana, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba i-polyurethane enganyangekiyo kwimozulu inokugcina iipropati ezisisiseko zesikhumba ngelixa iphucula kakhulu ukumelana kwayo nemozulu.