Inkqubela phambili yophando kwi-On-Abockerthanes
Ukususela kwintshayelelo yabo ngo-1937, izixhobo zePolyurethane (Pu) zifumene izicelo ezibanzi kumacandelo ngamacandelo ngamacandelo, ulwakhiwo, oomatshini, ukhathalelo lombane, kunye nezolimo. Ezi zixhobo zisetyenziswa kwiifom ezinjengee-foam ze-foam, imicu, izahlulo zokwenza amanzi, isikhumba sokwenza amanzi, iingubo zemali, amachaphaza, izixhobo zokwenza izinto zezonyango. I-puve yemveli ihambelane ukusuka kubini okanye ngaphezulu kwi-macaladiates kunye ne-macromolecular polyols kunye neemolekyuli ezincinci zemolekyuli. Nangona kunjalo, ityhefu engaphakathi yengqondo ibeka umngcipheko kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo; Ngaphezu koko baqhele ukuvela kwi-phosgene-ityhefu enetyhefu-kunye ne-amine ehambelana ne-amine ehambelana ne-amine.
Ukukhanya kweshishini lemichiza eliluhlaza kunye nokuzinzileyo, abaphandi bagxile ekuthabatheni izixhobo ezinobuhlobo bendalo ngelixa bevavanya iindlela ze-novel synthees ze-polysurethanes (Nipu). Eli phepha lazisa indlela yokulungiselela i-Nipu ngelixa iphonononga inkqubela phambili kwiintlobo ngeentlobo ze-NIPUS kwaye ixoxe ngamathemba abo exesha elizayo ukubonelela ngophando olongezelelekileyo.
I-1 ye-synthesis ye-i-noxakeke ye-noboschonane
I-synthesi yokuqala ye-moleculamate ephantsi ye-carbamate esebenzisa i-Monocyclic Cardlics ye-Aliphic Damines yenzekile phesheya kwiminyaka yoo-1950s-iphawula umzuzu ophawulekayo kwi-polynthene on synthene syntlesis synthene synthene synthene syntlesis. Okwangoku kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zendlela yokuvelisa uNipu: Okokuqala kubandakanya ukongeza ukongezwa kwesabelo phakathi kwe-carcinary cyccates kunye neminatha yeBininary; Elesibini lalifaka i-Polycondoncence Retiences ebandakanya i-cherethane phakathi kwe-diols eququzelela uguquko lwesakhiwo ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo. I-Diamarbalboxylated Mehlopt inokuthi ifumaneke kwi-cyclicate carbonate okanye i-dimbonate (dmc); Ngokusengqiqweni zonke iindlela zisabela nge-carbonic acid amaqela avelisa imisebenzi ye-carbamate.
La macandelo alandelayo acacisa ngeendlela ezintathu zahlukile ekuqokeleleni iPolyturthane ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i -beko.
1.1bimbambing Dyclicy Drickic
UNipu unokuntywiliswa ngezongezo zentakwana ebandakanya i-bircinate carceclic carcecline kunye ne-aminery amn amine njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo 1.
Ngenxa yeqela lee-hydroxyl ezininzi ezikhoyo kwi-pin ye-chain ye-chain le ndlela ngokubanzi ivelisa into ebizwa ngokuba yiPolypy-Hydroxyl Polyreurethane (PHU). I-Leizch et al., Yaqulunqa inguqulelo ye-polyer guscheling-iphelelwe iimolethi ze-Binary Carcking Prisblic-i-moleky ye-Binary Carclings esetyenziselwa ukulungiselela i-polyeter pus. Iziphumo zabo zibonisa ukuba amaqela e-hydroxyl ngaphakathi kwe-phus ngokuqinileyo kwiibhondi ze-hydrogen nge-nitrogen / i-oxmgen atoms ifakwe ngaphakathi / zinzima; Ukwahluka phakathi kwezigqitha ezithambileyo nako ukuphembelela indlela yokuziphatha ye-hydrogen kunye needigri ze-raphase ezichaphazela kamva iimpawu zentsebenzo.
Ngokwesiqhelo iqhutywa ngezantsi kobushushu obuqhelekileyo kwi-100 ° C le ndlela ayizobizi kwiimveliso zokuphendula ezibonisa i-shotity slicy shority ye-onfility ye-DIMETHINID ebonakalayo (i-DMF), njl ..) Ngenye imini kude kube kwiintsuku ezintlanu zihlala zivelisa imilinganiselo yemolekyuli esezantsi rhoqo phantsi kwe-30k Gight Promores edityanisiweyo i-Phssing Proms i-Spoound Ackert Fort njl njl njl ..
I-1.2Monoblic yendlela ye-carbonter
I-Monobylic Carbonate iphinda iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde i-Deamine i-Decaradate enesiphelo se-hydroxyl isiphelo se-transessistos / i-polyconditions ejongene ne-diols ye-Akin ye-Akin ye-AKINAL ebizwa ngokuba yi-2.
Ngokuqhelekileyo okwahluka-hlukeneyo be-morodiants iquka i-Ethylene & Propylone Carbon Coustere yeqela likaZhao eBeijing kwi-Diccelies yeThekhi le-Delyteramed Priment / Polyteer-diols Ukupheliswa kokuqulunqwa kwemveliso yemveliso enxulumene nokubonisa iipropathi ze-thermal / zoomatshini ukufikelela kwiindawo ezinamanqaku ajikelezayo malunga ne-1220 ~ 161 ° Cansence Amanqanaba aphantsi kwe-410MPA ye-CINSECT I-Wang et al., Ukudityaniswa okuthe kratya okufumana i-DMC ye-DMC ye-W / HexaciclocarCamine / i-cyclocarboricated i-acids i-acids i-Acivy / i-Adipic-I-Adipic-Tereph-Tereph-Tereph-Tereph-I-Terephziccicles Ibandakanya13k ~ 28k G / Mol Amanqindi Amandla afundwayo9 ~ I-17 ye-17 mpa ye-i-leard35% ye-235%.
I-Cyclocborboirboiler Esters ibangelwe kakuhle ngaphandle kokuba ifuna imeko yesiqhelo isebenza ngenkqubo yobushushu i-tenselly ye-tensestives isebenza ngenkqubo ye-organonetin eqhubekayo i-orpasoction200 °. Ngaphandle kweenzame zokuzihlaziya ezijolise kwigalelo le-Diolic Polymerizazation / i-dugycolysis proentes i-thethanol ye-ecofel / i-moleccule-diocal-diolic-dioccals enikezela ngokuhambela phambili.
I-1.3Dimethyl I-Carbonate indlela
I-DMC imele indalo yemozulu / enye enetyhefu enobunzima obusebenzayo kwi-methyl / i-panonys / i-caribony / i-combonyl / i-camines enika i-DMC-proctions ekwakhethiweyo emva kwexesha I-chein-diolinder-diolinder-diolinder-diolic / i-poly-polylies enkulu ekhokelela kwizakhiwo ze-polymer ezifunwayo zibonwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokwemifanekiso3.
Deepa et.al capitalized upon aforementioned dynamics leveraging sodium methoxide catalysis orchestrating diverse intermediate formations subsequently engaging targeted extensions culminating series equivalent hard-segment compositions attaining molecular weights approximating(3 ~20)x10^3g/mol glass transition temperatures spanning(-30 ~120°C). I-PAN DOngdong ekhethiweyo Izicwangciso-qhinga eziquka i-DMC HexopolyClonane-Polyalcohohols ezibonisa iziphumo ze-oscials10-15% -1400%. Usukelo lophando ojikeleze ifuthe eligqithileyo elibonisa ukubaluleka kokukhetha i-Butediol / i-Hexadinol xa i-Atomine ye-Otomince idibanisa i-LINGINALYIAL / DMC ecaleni kwe-hexahydroxyamine ebonisa ukwenziwa kweposi I-Adsding ejolise ekuqulunqweni kwe-se-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-barly-metions ihlawule i-Pelomorment yePupenter ephakanyisiweyo inyanzelisa iqondo lokuthelekiswa kwe-vinyl-carbour malunga neemfuno ze-Bulkl-Carbound ezigangathiweyo Ukucutha imijelo yenkunkuma eqingqiweyo ye-methanol / i-molecule-i-moleccule-diocling-dioclic.
Iinxalenye ezi-2 ezahlukeneyo ezithambileyo ze-noxakeka ye-seyscharethane
2.1 Polyether Polyurethane
I-Polyether Polyurethane (i-PEU) isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yamandla ayo aphantsi kwe-ether kwicandelo eliphindiweyo, ukujikeleza okulula, ukuguquguquka okulula kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-hydrolysis.
Kebir et al. I-Polyther Polyter Polyurethane nge-DMC, i-Polythylene Glycol kunye neBeyadiol njengezinto eziphantsi, kodwa i-700 ~ 48 ℃), kunye nezinye izikhombisi bekunzima ukufezekisa iimfuno zokusetyenziswa. Iqela likaZhao Jingbo lisebenzisa i-Ethylene Carbonate, 1, 6-Hexadine kunye ne-Golythylene Glythhelis to synthelize i-5 ~ 24MPA, i-1 388% ~ 388%. Ubunzima bemolekyuli bothotho lwe-promaric polysurethanes yi-17 300 ~ 400g / i-TG, i-TG, i-TG, inqaku le-GG liyi-69% ye-89% ye-89%.
Iqela lophando leZheng Liuun kunye neLi Chuncheng balungiselela i-1, 6-hexcleTHliamine (Bhc) ne-Dimbonamine kunye ne-1, 6-Heicothyliamine kunye ne-Polytetramine kunye ne-Polytetramine kunye ne-Polytetramine. Uthotho lwePolyerthar Polyurethanes (uNipenu) balungiselelwe indlela ezingezizo i-no-yocyAncate, kwaye ingxaki enqamlezileyo yabantu abaphakathi ngexesha lokuphendula basonjululwa. Isakhiwo kunye neepropathi ze-polyeether yemveli ye-Polyether Polyurethane (HDIPU) elungiselelwe nguNipeu kunye ne-1, 6-HexameTHlene Dialocyanate ithelekiswa, njengoko kubonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 1.
| Isampulu | Iqhezu le-Green Sedment /% | Ubunzima bemolekyuli / (g·mol ^ (- 1)) | Isalathiso soMlinganiso weMolekyuli | Amandla amanxuwa / i-MPA | I-Elongition kwikhefu /% |
| I-Nipiu30 | 30 | I-74000 | 1.9 | 12.5 | I-1250 |
| INepuu40 | 40 | I-66000 | 2.2 | 8.0 | I-550 |
| HDIPU30 | 30 | I-46000 | 1.9 | 31.3 | I-1440 |
| HDIPU40 | 40 | I-54000 | 2.0 | 25.8 | 1360 |
Itheyibhile 1
Iziphumo kwiTheyibhile 1 zibonisa ukuba umahluko wesakhiwo phakathi kukaNipeu kunye ne-HDIPU ikakhulu ibangelwa sisiseko esinzima. Iqela le-Urea laveliswa ecaleni kwendlela ye-nipeu ifakwe ngokungacwangciswanga kwi-subment ye-moleculagen ye-hiprogen, ekhokelela ekukhuluweni kwesigaba se-challiges, okuphumlayo ukwahlulwa kwenqanaba eliphantsi. Ngenxa yoko, iipropathi zayo zoomatshini zibi kakhulu kune-HDIPU.
2.2 Ponturester Polyurethane
I-Polyester Polyurethane (i-penu) ene-bioster diols njengecandelo elithambileyo le-biodegradiation, kwaye inokusetyenziselwa ukulungiselela iipropathi zobunjineli, kwaye zinokusetyenziswa i-TARTERTERS I-Polyester Diols esetyenziswayo kwiziqendu ezithambileyo yiPolybutylene Appate Diol, iPolyglycol ichana i-diolcactone diol.
Kwangoko, iRickit et al. I-ithonedited ye-ithlone ye-carbonate ene-diomine kunye ne-diols eyahlukeneyo (1, 6-Hexadiol, 1, 10-Hodecanol) ukufumana ubunzima obahlukeneyo, kodwa i-zungu ye-zula ye-molecular kunye ne-TG. I-Fithadian et al. I-Polylcyclic carbonate ye-carbonate isebenzisa ioyile ye-sure yojongilanga njenge-Polyamines esekwe kwi-bio, idityaniswe kwiplate, kwaye iphiliswe kwi-90 ℃ ifunyanisa ifilimu yePolyarethane yePolysurethane, ebonakalisa uzinzo lwe-ponturethane polyirethane, ebonakalisa uzinzo oluhle kakhulu. IQela loPhando lweZhang Lirun livela kwiYunivesithi yase-China eChinad Denthodi yothotho lweDibamines kunye ne-carchlons yeCyclic, kwaye emva koko yavumela i-bibasic acid ye-bionturethane. Iqela likaZhu Jin IZiko leZiseko zeZixhobo, i-Chinese Academy yeSayensi yeDumadiol isebenzisa i-hexadiamine kunye ne-vinyl carbonate ye-bibusic acid ifumana i-Polyster Tolyter Polytane [23]. Iqela lophando lwe-Zheng Liuchiun kunye ne-LI CHINCHEng isebenzise i-adipic acid kunye ne-diific ezine (i-biediol, i-hexadiol, i-hexadiol, i-hexadiol, i-decimiol kunye neenombolo ezizodwa ze-farbon ukuba zilungiselele amacandelo athambileyo; Iqela le-polyster polyster polyurethane (i-penu), ebizwa emva kwenani leeapile zekhabhoni ze-Aliittic Diols, yafunyanwa ngokunyibilika kwe-billy ye-hydroxy elungiselelwe yi-BHC kunye neDiols. Iipropathi zoomatshini be-petu baboniswa kwiTheyibhile 2.
| Isampulu | Amandla amanxuwa / i-MPA | I-Elastic modyul/ I-MPA | I-Elongition kwikhefu /% |
| I-penu4 | 6.9±1.0 | 36±8 | I-673±35 |
| I-petu6 | 10.1±1.0 | 55±4 | I-568±32 |
| I-petu8 | 9.0±0.8 | 47±4 | I-551±25 |
| I-penu10 | 8.8±I-0,1 | 52±5 | 137±23 |
Itheyibhile 2
Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba isahlulo esithambileyo se-penu4 sinesona se-carbonyl ephezulu, i-hydrogen ye-hydrogen ye-hydrogen enenqanaba elinzima, kunye nenqanaba eliphantsi lokwahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulo. I-crystalling yecandelo elithambileyo nelinzima linqongophele, libonisa indawo ephantsi yokunyibilika kunye namandla amanye, kodwa eyona ndawo iphakamileyo kwikhefu.
2.3 Polycarbonate Polyurethane
I-polycarbonate polyurethane (i-PCE), ngakumbi i-biiphatic, inozinzo oluchasene ne-oddrolysis, uzinzo lwebhayoloji oluhle, kwaye linamathemba asebenza kakuhle kwi-biodicine. Okwangoku, uninzi lwe-nipi isebenzisa i-Polyether Polyols kunye nePolyster Polyols njengezahlulo ezithambileyo, kwaye zimbalwa iingxelo zePolycarbonate Polylourthane.
I-Slycancate Polycanete Polycarthane ilungiselelwe liqela lophando lukaTian Hengshui kwiYunivesithi yaseChina eMzantsi kwiTekhnoloji ye-molecular engaphezulu kwe-50 000 g / mol. Impembelelo yeemeko zokuphendula malunga nobunzima be-molecular ye-polymer ifundwe, kodwa iempawu zayo zoomatshini azichazwanga. Iqela lophando lweZheng Liuchiun kunye ne-LI CHINCINCE lilungiselele i-PCUP, i-Hexadiamine, Hexadeol kunye ne-Polycarbonate Diols, kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yiPuby yeCandelo leNdawo ePhqitshwayo. Iipropathi zoomatshini ziboniswa kwiTheyibhile 3.
| Isampulu | Amandla amanxuwa / i-MPA | I-Elastic modyul/ I-MPA | I-Elongition kwikhefu /% |
| I-PCE18 | 17±1 | 36±8 | I-665±24 |
| I-PU33 | 19±1 | I-107±9 | 656±33 |
| I-PCE46 | 21±1 | I-150±16 | 407±23 |
| Ipuzzle | 22±2 | I-210±17 | 262±27 |
| I-PUS67 | 27±2 | I-400±13 | 63±5 |
| I-PU82 | 29±1 | I-518±34 | 26±5 |
Itheyibhile 3
Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-PCE ineemolekyuli eziphakamileyo, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-6 × 104 ~ × 10 × 10s, inyibilike, kwaye inyibilike, kwaye inyibilike ibe yi-29 MPA. Olu hlobo lwe-PCU lungasetyenziselwa nokuba njengeplagi engqongqo okanye njenge-Elastomer, enethemba elifanelekileyo kwintsimi ye-biomedical (njengabangafunekiyo kubunjineli bobuchwephesha).
2.4 I-Hybrid engoNobusocanate Polyurethane
I-Hybrid Enbrid En-Ackarethane Polyurethane (i-hybrid nipu) kukwazisa i-epoxy, i-acrylate, amaqela e-polylated ukuya kwi-polymorethane ye-polymorethane ye-polymorethane okanye ichithe imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yePoliurthane okanye inike i-pollytune imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.
Feng yuelan et al. I-epoxy esekwe kwi-bio-esekwe kwi-oyile nge-CO2 yokuqesha i-Pentamonic Cyclical Carceclic Carckid Ethertid Ethertid Ethertidlied (i-Epoxy Real) i-bisphenol ye-TSBO iqinile nge-CSBO. I-molecular thein iqulethe i-chain yexesha elide ye-oleic acid / linoleic acid. Ikwanayo necandelo eliqinileyo eliphezulu, ukuze linamandla amakhulu oomatshini kunye nobunzima obuphezulu. Abanye abaphandi babeqesha iintlobo ezintathu ze-nipi prepolymers ngamaqela e-furan ngokusebenzisa i-fethyclic ye-felbonate ye-volycthane ye-volyctilic wicthane ethambileyo ye-zungu. I-Hybrid Nipu ayinazo kuphela iimpawu ze-jikelele wipu, kodwa zinokuba ne-adhesions engcono, i-acid kunye ne-alkali corrosion, ukuchasana nomatshini kunye namandla omatshini.
I-3 Outloe
I-Nipu ilungiselelwe ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwemali eyiyo etyhefu, kwaye ngoku ifundwayo kwifom ye-foam, i-commance, imbethe, i-Elastomer kunye nezinye iimveliso, kwaye zinoluhlu olubanzi lwamathemba. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwazo lufuphi nophando lwelebhu, kwaye akukho mveliso uphakamileyo. Ukongeza, ngokuphuculwa kwemigangatho yabantu yokuphila kunye nokukhula okuqhubekayo kwemfuno, i-Nipu ngomsebenzi omnye okanye imisebenzi emininzi iye yaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu yophando, yokulungisa, ukulungisa iflethi, ukumelana nobushushu, njalo njalo. Ke ngoko, uphando lwexesha elizayo kufuneka luqonde indlela ukwahlukana neengxaki eziphambili zokuphuculwa kwezemizi-mveliso kwaye uqhubeke nokuphonononga indlela yokulungiselela ukusebenza kwe-nipi.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: AUG-29-2024