Uhlobo olutsha lwe-polyurethane adhesive lwalungiswa ngokusebenzisa ii-polyacids zemolekyuli encinci kunye nee-polyols zemolekyuli encinci njengezinto ezisisiseko zokulungiselela ii-prepolymers. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokwandiswa kwetyathanga, ii-polymers ezine-hyperbranched kunye nee-HDI trimers zangeniswa kwisakhiwo se-polyurethane. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba i-adhesive elungiselelwe kolu phononongo ine-viscosity efanelekileyo, ubomi bediski ye-adhesive ende, inokuphiliswa ngokukhawuleza kubushushu begumbi, kwaye ineempawu ezilungileyo zokubopha, amandla okuvala ubushushu kunye nozinzo lobushushu.

Ukupakishwa okuguquguqukayo okudityanisiweyo kuneengenelo zokubonakala okugqwesileyo, uluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa, ukuthuthwa okulula, kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokupakisha. Ukusukela oko yasungulwa, isetyenziswa kakhulu ekutyeni, kumayeza, kwiikhemikhali zemihla ngemihla, kwii-elektroniki nakwamanye amashishini, kwaye ithandwa kakhulu ngabathengi. Ukusebenza kokupakishwa okuguquguqukayo okudityanisiweyo akuhambelani nje kuphela nezinto zefilimu, kodwa kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kweglue edityanisiweyo. Iglue yePolyurethane ineengenelo ezininzi ezifana namandla aphezulu okubopha, ukulungelelaniswa okunamandla, kunye nococeko kunye nokhuseleko. Okwangoku yiglue exhasayo ephambili yokupakishwa okuguquguqukayo okudityanisiweyo kwaye igxininiswa kuphando olwenziwe ngabavelisi abakhulu beglue.

Ukuguga okushushu kakhulu yinkqubo ebalulekileyo ekulungiseleleni ukupakisha okuguquguqukayo. Ngeenjongo zomgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe "we-carbon peak" kunye "nokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni", ukhuseleko oluluhlaza kokusingqongileyo, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ephantsi, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokonga amandla kuye kwaba ziinjongo zophuhliso lwazo zonke iinkalo zobomi. Ubushushu bokuguga kunye nexesha lokuguga zinefuthe elihle kumandla okukhula kwefilimu edibeneyo. Ngokwethiyori, okukhona ubushushu bokuguga buphezulu kwaye ixesha lokuguga lide, kokukhona izinga lokugqiba impendulo liphezulu kwaye isiphumo sokuphilisa singcono. Kwinkqubo yokwenyani yesicelo sokuvelisa, ukuba ubushushu bokuguga bunokuncitshiswa kwaye ixesha lokuguga lingancitshiswa, kungcono ukuba ungadingi ukuguga, kwaye ukunqunyulwa kunye nokugqunywa kungenziwa emva kokuba umatshini ucinyiwe. Oku akunakufezekisa kuphela iinjongo zokukhusela okusingqongileyo okuluhlaza kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ephantsi, kodwa kukwagcina iindleko zemveliso kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.

Olu phononongo lujoliswe ekuveliseni uhlobo olutsha lwe-polyurethane adhesive olune-viscosity efanelekileyo kunye nobomi bediski ye-adhesive ngexesha lokuveliswa nokusetyenziswa, olunokunyangeka ngokukhawuleza phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphantsi, kungcono ukuba lungabikho ubushushu obuphezulu, kwaye aluchaphazeli ukusebenza kwezalathisi ezahlukeneyo zokupakisha okuguquguqukayo okudityanisiweyo.

1.1 Izinto zovavanyo I-Adipic acid, i-sebacic acid, i-ethylene glycol, i-neopentyl glycol, i-diethylene glycol, i-TDI, i-HDI trimer, i-polymer eyenziwe nge-hyperbranched eyenziwe elebhu, i-ethyl acetate, ifilimu ye-polyethylene (PE), ifilimu ye-polyester (PET), i-aluminium foil (AL).
1.2 Izixhobo zovavanyo I-oveni yomoya yokomisa umoya esetyenziswa kumbane kwi-desktop: DHG-9203A, Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd.; I-viscometer ejikelezayo: NDJ-79, Shanghai Renhe Keyi Co., Ltd.; Umatshini wokuvavanya ukuxinana oqhelekileyo: XLW, Labthink; I-Thermogravimetric analyzer: TG209, NETZSCH, eJamani; I-Heat seal tester: SKZ1017A, Jinan Qingqiang Electromechanical Co., Ltd.
1.3 Indlela yokwenziwa kwezinto
1) Ukulungiswa kwe-prepolymer: Yomisa iflaski enentamo ezine kakuhle uze udlulise i-N2 kuyo, uze wongeze i-polyol encinci kunye ne-polyacid elinganisiweyo kwiflaski enentamo ezine uze uqale ukuxuba. Xa ubushushu bufikelela kubushushu obumiselweyo kwaye ukuphuma kwamanzi kusondele kwimveliso yamanzi yethiyori, thatha inani elithile lesampulu ukuze uvavanye ixabiso le-asidi. Xa ixabiso le-asidi liyi-≤20 mg/g, qala inyathelo elilandelayo lokuphendula; yongeza i-catalyst eyi-100×10-6 metered, qhagamshela umbhobho womsila we-vacuum kwaye uqalise ipompo ye-vacuum, ulawule izinga lokukhupha utywala ngokwezinga le-vacuum, xa imveliso yokwenyani yotywala isondele kwimveliso yotywala yethiyori, thatha isampuli ethile yovavanyo lwexabiso le-hydroxyl, kwaye uphelise impendulo xa ixabiso le-hydroxyl lihlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo. I-polyurethane prepolymer efunyenweyo ipakishwe ukuze isetyenziswe ngexesha elibekiweyo.
2) Ukulungiswa kwe-polyurethane adhesive esekwe kwi-solvent: Yongeza i-polyurethane prepolymer elinganisiweyo kunye ne-ethyl ester kwiflaski enentamo ezine, fudumeza kwaye uxube ukuze isasazeke ngokulinganayo, emva koko yongeza i-TDI elinganisiweyo kwiflaski enentamo ezine, yigcine ishushu iiyure ezili-1.0, emva koko yongeza i-polymer eyenziwe ekhaya e-hyperbranched kwilabhoratri kwaye uqhubeke nokusabela iiyure ezingama-2.0, yongeza kancinci i-HDI trimer ehlayo kwiflaski enentamo ezine, yigcine ishushu iiyure ezingama-2.0, thatha iisampulu ukuvavanya umxholo we-NCO, upholise kwaye ukhulule izinto zokupakisha emva kokuba umxholo we-NCO uqinisekisiwe.
3) I-Dry lamination: Xuba i-ethyl acetate, i-arhente ephambili kunye ne-curing agent ngomlinganiselo othile uze uxube ngokulinganayo, uze ufake kwaye ulungiselele iisampuli kumatshini we-laminating owomileyo.

1.4 Uvavanyo lweempawu
1) Ukuqina: Sebenzisa i-viscometer ejikelezayo kwaye ubhekisele kwi-GB/T 2794-1995 Indlela yovavanyo yokuqina kwezinto ezincamathelisayo;
2) Amandla e-T-peel: ivavanyiwe kusetyenziswa umatshini wokuvavanya ukuxinana oqhelekileyo, ngokubhekiselele kwindlela yokuvavanya amandla e-GB/T 8808-1998;
3) Amandla okutywina ubushushu: qala usebenzise isixhobo sokuvavanya ukutywina ubushushu ukwenza ukutywina ubushushu, uze usebenzise umatshini wokuvavanya ukuxinana oqhelekileyo ukuvavanya, jonga indlela yokuvavanya amandla okutywina ubushushu ye-GB/T 22638.7-2016;
4) Uhlalutyo lweThermogravimetric (TGA): Uvavanyo lwenziwe kusetyenziswa i-thermogravimetric analyzer enesantya sokufudumeza se-10 ℃ /min kunye nobushushu bovavanyo obuphakathi kwama-50 ukuya kuma-600 ℃.

2.1 Utshintsho kwi-viscosity ngexesha lokuxubana I-viscosity ye-adhesive kunye nobomi bediski yerabha zizibonakaliso ezibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kwemveliso. Ukuba i-viscosity ye-adhesive iphezulu kakhulu, ubungakanani beglue esetyenzisiweyo buya kuba bukhulu kakhulu, buchaphazele inkangeleko kunye neendleko zokugquma zefilimu edibeneyo; ukuba i-viscosity iphantsi kakhulu, ubungakanani beglue esetyenzisiweyo buya kuba phantsi kakhulu, kwaye i-inki ayinakungenelwa ngempumelelo, nto leyo eya kuchaphazela inkangeleko kunye nokusebenza kwe-bonding yefilimu edibeneyo. Ukuba ubomi bediski yerabha bufutshane kakhulu, i-viscosity yeglue egcinwe kwitanki yeglue iya kwanda ngokukhawuleza, kwaye iglue ayinakusetyenziswa kakuhle, kwaye i-roller yerabha ayilula ukuyicoca; ukuba ubomi bediski yerabha bubude kakhulu, kuya kuchaphazela inkangeleko yokuqala yokunamathela kunye nokusebenza kwe-bonding yezinto ezidibeneyo, kwaye ichaphazele nesantya sokuphiliswa, ngaloo ndlela ichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.

Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwe-viscosity kunye nobomi bediski yokuncamathelisa zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekusetyenzisweni kakuhle kwe-adhesives. Ngokweemava okuvelisa, i-arhente ephambili, i-ethyl acetate kunye ne-agent yokuphilisa zilungiswa kwixabiso elifanelekileyo le-R kunye ne-viscosity, kwaye i-adhesive iqengqwa kwi-tank yokuncamathelisa nge-roller yerabha ngaphandle kokufaka i-glue kwifilimu. Iisampulu zokuncamathelisa zithathwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo okuvavanya i-viscosity. I-viscosity efanelekileyo, ubomi obufanelekileyo bediski yokunamathela, kunye nokunyanga ngokukhawuleza phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphantsi ziinjongo ezibalulekileyo ezilandelwa yi-adhesives ye-polyurethane esekelwe kwi-solvent ngexesha lokuvelisa nokusetyenziswa.

2.2 Impembelelo yobushushu bokwaluphala kumandla exolo Inkqubo yokwaluphala yeyona nkqubo ibalulekileyo, ithatha ixesha elide, ifuna amandla amaninzi kwaye ifuna indawo eninzi yokupakisha okuguquguqukayo. Ayichaphazeli nje kuphela izinga lemveliso yemveliso, kodwa okubaluleke ngakumbi, ichaphazela ukubonakala kunye nokusebenza kokubopha kokupakisha okuguquguqukayo okuhlanganisiweyo. Xa ijongene neenjongo zikarhulumente ze-"carbon peak" kunye "ne-carbon neutral" kunye nokhuphiswano olukhulu lwemarike, ukuguga okuphantsi kobushushu kunye nokulungiswa ngokukhawuleza ziindlela ezisebenzayo zokufezekisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphantsi, imveliso eluhlaza kunye nemveliso esebenzayo.

Ifilimu ye-PET/AL/PE edityanisiweyo yayigugiswa kubushushu begumbi kwaye yayikwi-40, 50, kunye ne-60 ℃. Kubushushu begumbi, amandla okugugiswa kwesakhiwo se-AL/PE esidityanisiweyo somaleko wangaphakathi ahlala ezinzile emva kokuguga kangangeeyure ezili-12, kwaye ukugugiswa kwagqitywa ngokusisiseko; kubushushu begumbi, amandla okugugiswa kwesakhiwo se-PET/AL esidityanisiweyo somaleko wangaphandle ahlala ezinzile ngokusisiseko emva kokuguga kangangeeyure ezili-12, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba izinto zefilimu ezidityanisiweyo zomaleko ophezulu ziya kuchaphazela ukugugiswa kwe-polyurethane adhesive; xa kuthelekiswa neemeko zobushushu zokugugiswa ezingama-40, 50, kunye nama-60 ℃, bekungekho mahluko ucacileyo kwizinga lokugugiswa.

Xa kuthelekiswa nee-adhesive ze-polyurethane ezisekelwe kwi-solvent kwimarike yangoku, ixesha lokuguga lobushushu obuphezulu ngokubanzi liziiyure ezingama-48 okanye nangaphezulu. I-adhesive ye-polyurethane kolu phononongo inokugqiba ngokusisiseko ukunyanga isakhiwo esinomqobo ophezulu kwiiyure ezili-12 kubushushu begumbi. I-adhesive ephuhlisiweyo inomsebenzi wokunyanga ngokukhawuleza. Ukungeniswa kwee-polymers ezenziwe ekhaya kunye nee-isocyanates ezininzi ezisebenzayo kwi-adhesive, nokuba isakhiwo esihlanganisiweyo somaleko wangaphandle okanye isakhiwo esihlanganisiweyo somaleko wangaphakathi, amandla e-peel phantsi kweemeko zobushushu begumbi awahlukanga kakhulu kumandla e-peel phantsi kweemeko zokuguga zobushushu obuphezulu, okubonisa ukuba i-adhesive ephuhlisiweyo ayinamsebenzi wokunyanga ngokukhawuleza kuphela, kodwa ikwanomsebenzi wokunyanga ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kobushushu obuphezulu.

2.3 Impembelelo yobushushu bokwaluphala kumandla esitywino sobushushu Iimpawu zesitywino sobushushu sezinto kunye nempembelelo yokwenyani yesitywino sobushushu zichaphazeleka zizinto ezininzi, ezinje ngezixhobo zesitywino sobushushu, iiparameter zokusebenza ngokomzimba nangokweekhemikhali zezinto ngokwazo, ixesha lesitywino sobushushu, uxinzelelo lwesitywino sobushushu kunye nobushushu besitywino sobushushu, njl. Ngokweemfuno kunye namava okwenyani, inkqubo efanelekileyo yesitywino sobushushu kunye neeparameter ziyalungiswa, kwaye uvavanyo lwamandla esitywino sobushushu lwefilimu edibeneyo emva kokuhlanganiswa luyenziwa.

Xa ifilimu edityanisiweyo ingaphandle komatshini, amandla esitywino sobushushu aphantsi kakhulu, yi-17 N/(15 mm kuphela). Ngeli xesha, iglu isandul’ ukuqalisa ukuqina kwaye ayinakunika amandla aneleyo okubopha. Amandla avavanyiweyo ngeli xesha ngamandla esitywino sobushushu sefilimu ye-PE; njengoko ixesha lokuguga lisanda, amandla esitywino sobushushu ayanda kakhulu. Amandla esitywino sobushushu emva kokuguga kangangeeyure ezili-12 ngokusisiseko afana nalawo emva kweeyure ezingama-24 nezingama-48, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ukucocwa kugqitywe kwiiyure ezili-12, okubonelela ngokubopha okwaneleyo kwiifilimu ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo ebangela ukwanda kwamandla esitywino sobushushu. Ukusuka kwijika lotshintsho lwamandla esitywino sobushushu kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo, kunokubonwa ukuba phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zokuguga, akukho mahluko mkhulu kumandla esitywino sobushushu phakathi kokuguga kobushushu begumbi kunye neemeko ezingama-40, 50, kunye nama-60 ℃. Ukuguga kubushushu begumbi kunokufezekisa ngokupheleleyo isiphumo sokuguga kobushushu obuphezulu. Isakhiwo sokupakisha esiguquguqukayo esidityaniswe nale glue iphuhlisiweyo sinamandla amahle esitywino sobushushu phantsi kweemeko zokuguga kobushushu obuphezulu.

2.4 Uzinzo lobushushu lwefilimu ecociweyo Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kokupakisha okuguquguqukayo, kufuneka ukutywinwa kobushushu kunye nokwenza iibhegi. Ukongeza kuzinzo lobushushu lwento yefilimu ngokwayo, uzinzo lobushushu lwefilimu ye-polyurethane ecociweyo lumisela ukusebenza kunye nokubonakala kwemveliso yokupakisha ecociweyo egqityiweyo. Olu phononongo lusebenzisa indlela yohlalutyo lwe-thermal gravimetric (TGA) ukuhlalutya uzinzo lobushushu lwefilimu ye-polyurethane ecociweyo.

Ifilimu ye-polyurethane ephilisiweyo ineencopho ezimbini ezicacileyo zokunciphisa ubunzima kubushushu bovavanyo, ezihambelana nokubola kobushushu kwecandelo eliqinileyo kunye necandelo elithambileyo. Ubushushu bokubola kobushushu becandelo elithambileyo buphezulu kakhulu, kwaye ukulahleka kobunzima bobushushu kuqala ukwenzeka kwi-264°C. Kweli qondo lobushushu, inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zobushushu zenkqubo yokutywina ubushushu yokupakisha okuthambileyo yangoku, kwaye inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zobushushu zokuveliswa kokupakisha okanye ukuzalisa ngokuzenzekelayo, ukuthuthwa kweekhonteyina ezikude, kunye nenkqubo yokusetyenziswa; ubushushu bokubola kobushushu becandelo eliqinileyo buphezulu, bufikelela kwi-347°C. I-adhesive ephuhlisiweyo engenabushushu obuphezulu inozinzo oluhle lobushushu. Umxube we-asphalt we-AC-13 one-slag yentsimbi unyuke nge-2.1%.

3) Xa umxholo we-slag yentsimbi ufikelela kwi-100%, oko kukuthi, xa ubungakanani besuntswana elinye eliyi-4.75 ukuya kwi-9.5 mm lithatha indawo yelitye lekalika ngokupheleleyo, ixabiso lozinzo oluseleyo lomxube we-asphalt liyi-85.6%, elingaphezulu nge-0.5% kunelo lomxube we-asphalt we-AC-13 ngaphandle kwe-slag yentsimbi; umlinganiselo wamandla okuqhekeka yi-80.8%, elingaphezulu nge-0.5% kunelo lomxube we-asphalt we-AC-13 ngaphandle kwe-slag yentsimbi. Ukongezwa kwesixa esifanelekileyo se-slag yentsimbi kunokuphucula ngempumelelo uzinzo oluseleyo kunye nomlinganiselo wamandla okuqhekeka komxube we-asphalt we-AC-13 wentsimbi, kwaye kunokuphucula ngempumelelo uzinzo lwamanzi lomxube we-asphalt.

1) Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa, i-viscosity yokuqala ye-polyurethane adhesive esekwe kwi-solvent elungiselelwe ngokungenisa ii-polymers ezenziwe ekhaya kunye ne-polyisocyanates ezisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi imalunga ne-1500mPa·s, enobuvivity obuhle; ubomi bediski ye-adhesive bufikelela kwi-60 min, enokuhlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zexesha lokusebenza zeenkampani zokupakisha eziguquguqukayo kwinkqubo yemveliso.

2) Kuyabonakala kumandla okuxobuka kunye namandla okutywina ubushushu ukuba iglu elungisiweyo inokunyanga ngokukhawuleza kubushushu begumbi. Akukho mahluko mkhulu kwisantya sokunyanga kubushushu begumbi nakwi-40, 50, kunye ne-60 ℃, kwaye akukho mahluko mkhulu kumandla okubopha. Le glu inokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kobushushu obuphezulu kwaye inokuphila ngokukhawuleza.

3) Uhlalutyo lwe-TGA lubonisa ukuba i-glue izinzile kakuhle kubushushu kwaye inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zobushushu ngexesha lokuveliswa, ukuthuthwa nokusetyenziswa.